http://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&feed=atom&action=historyCategory:Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) - Revision history2024-03-28T08:27:29ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.26.3http://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=588&oldid=prevEric Baird: a couple of references, quotebox2016-07-26T22:47:56Z<p>a couple of references, quotebox</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|description=Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|description=Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{NoRefs}}{{GEMBox}}{{Motion}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{NoRefs<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}{{NOQUOTES</ins>}}{{GEMBox}}{{Motion}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The subject of '''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' deals with the effects that moving masses have on the shape of spacetime. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The subject is also sometimes referred </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as </del>'''gravitomagnetism (GM)''' which is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">arguably less correct, but has the advantage of being </del>shorter, and is less likely to be mistaken for something that involves ''actual'' electric fields (which GEM/GM doesn't).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The subject of '''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' deals with the effects that moving masses have on the shape of spacetime. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Textbooks often prefer </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">talk about </ins>'''gravitomagnetism (GM)''' which is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a slightly </ins>shorter <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">word</ins>, and is less likely to be mistaken for something that involves ''actual'' electric fields (which GEM/GM doesn't).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=="EM" vs "GEM"==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=="EM" vs "GEM"==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The GEM name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of ''EM'' deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, ''GEM'' effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass).  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The GEM name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of ''EM'' deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, ''GEM'' effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass).  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "<math>c</math>" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "<math>c</math>" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "<math>c</math>" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "<math>c</math>" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{PullQuote|content=</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Frame dragging is a direct manifestation of gravitomagnetism. Its consequences have found important astrophysical application in, for example, models of relativistic jets ...|author=National Research Council|source=Review of Gravity Probe B|date=1995}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Categories==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Categories==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Not to be confused with:==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Not to be confused with:==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Electrogravity'' ... GEM/GM describes gravitational field-effects that ''mimic'' some EM field behaviours, "electrogravity" is a concept that deals with possible interactions between the two types of field.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* ''Electrogravity'' ... GEM/GM describes gravitational field-effects that ''mimic'' some EM field behaviours, "electrogravity" is a concept that deals with possible interactions between the two types of field.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Further reading==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* ''Albert Einstein'', '''Is There a Gravitational Effect Which Is Analogous to Electrodynamic Induction? ''' [http://mc1soft.com/papers/1912-Einstein_Inertia.pdf Vierteljahrsschrift für gerichtliche Medizin und öffentliches Sanitätswesen 44 (1912): 37-40] – ''pdf''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* ''Herbert Pfister'' and ''Markus King'', '''Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time''' 4: Mach's Principle, Dragging phenomena, and Gravitomagnetism</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">By </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Notes|* It has been accepted since around 1960 that the GPoR and special relativity are mutually incompatible (Schild) – the logical inconsistency of C20th GR, even after 1960, can be expressed in terms of the 1960 theory's inability to properly process questions related to GEM.    |* C20th textbook theory appears to deal with the subject of GEM and its associated contradictions ("Gravity and the GPoR requires GEM to exist" / "SR requires GEM not to exist") in the manner of a '''disassociative identity disorder ("DID")''' – by compartmentalising information and descriptions that would otherwise conflict, and "blanking" subjects that would reveal logical inconsistencies.    |* If we embrace full-range GEM (which seems necessary for compatibility with QM and with a range of other principles), the result seems to be a [[Cliffordian universe]], a [[relativistic acoustic metric]], and a [[AGR|''fully-general'' general theory of relativity]].}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Notes|* It has been accepted since around 1960 that the GPoR and special relativity are mutually incompatible (Schild) – the logical inconsistency of C20th GR, even after 1960, can be expressed in terms of the 1960 theory's inability to properly process questions related to GEM.    |* C20th textbook theory appears to deal with the subject of GEM and its associated contradictions ("Gravity and the GPoR requires GEM to exist" / "SR requires GEM not to exist") in the manner of a '''disassociative identity disorder ("DID")''' – by compartmentalising information and descriptions that would otherwise conflict, and "blanking" subjects that would reveal logical inconsistencies.    |* If we embrace full-range GEM (which seems necessary for compatibility with QM and with a range of other principles), the result seems to be a [[Cliffordian universe]], a [[relativistic acoustic metric]], and a [[AGR|''fully-general'' general theory of relativity]].}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=586&oldid=prevEric Baird: +seo, tweaks2016-07-26T22:10:59Z<p>+seo, tweaks</p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:10, 26 July 2016</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|description=Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{NoRefs}}{{GEMBox}}{{Motion}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{NoRefs}}{{GEMBox}}{{Motion}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The subject of '''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' deals with the effects that moving masses have on the shape of spacetime.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The subject of '''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' deals with the effects that moving masses have on the shape of spacetime<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The subject is also sometimes referred to as '''gravitomagnetism (GM)''' which is arguably less correct, but has the advantage of being shorter, and is less likely to be mistaken for something that involves ''actual'' electric fields (which GEM/GM doesn't)</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=="EM" vs "GEM"==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=="EM" vs "GEM"==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''[[Rotational gravitoelectromagnetism|Rotational GEM]]''' – creates a radial attraction at right angles to the rotation axis, and also a rotational dragging around the rotation axis, in the direction of rotation. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; These two effects are "Machian", and appear in C20th GR. </li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''[[Rotational gravitoelectromagnetism|Rotational GEM]]''' – creates a radial attraction at right angles to the rotation axis, and also a rotational dragging around the rotation axis, in the direction of rotation. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; These two effects are "Machian", and appear in C20th GR. </li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''[[Accelerational gravitoelectromagnetism|Accelerational GEM]]''' – creates a dragging effect around the accelerated body, in the direction of forced acceleration. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is "Machian", and appears in C20th GR.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''[[Accelerational gravitoelectromagnetism|Accelerational GEM]]''' – creates a dragging effect around the accelerated body, in the direction of forced acceleration. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is "Machian", and appears in C20th GR.</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li style="color: darkred;"> '''[[Velocity-dependent gravitoelectromagnetism|Velocity-based GEM]]''' – creates a dragging effect around a moving body, in the direction of motion. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is derivable from the rotational effect or from general gravitational arguments, but is at odds with special relativity. Its status under C20th GR is problematic.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li style="color: darkred;"> '''[[Velocity-dependent gravitoelectromagnetism|Velocity-based GEM]]''' – creates a dragging effect around a moving body, in the direction of motion. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><span style=" background-color: #ffffef"></ins>This effect is derivable from the rotational effect or from general gravitational arguments, but is at odds with special relativity. Its status under C20th GR is problematic.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></span></ins></li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 38:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Status of GEM effects==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Status of GEM effects==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The status of GEM effects under C20th General relativity is somewhat elusive – the general principle of relativity requires that the rotational and accelerational effects must be real, and general gravitational arguments and extrapolations <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">form </del>GEM-r then seem to say that the velocity-dependent effects also have to exist, too. However, special relativity is derived from the assumption that there are no distortion effects associated with relative motion, so the "SR" side of GR1960 requires GEM-v not to exist, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </del>also <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">requires the other </del>GEM <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">arguments </del>to be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">suspended whenever they appear </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be about to conflict </del>with special relativity.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The status of GEM effects under C20th General relativity is somewhat elusive – the general principle of relativity requires that the rotational and accelerational effects must be real, and general gravitational arguments and extrapolations <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from </ins>GEM-r then seem to say that the velocity-dependent effects also have to exist, too. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A full logically-consistent description of GEM seems to require all three classes of effect.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, special relativity is derived from the assumption that there are no distortion effects associated with relative motion, so the "SR" side of GR1960 requires GEM-v <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>not<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>to exist<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The other two effects were described by Einstein as appearing in general relativity</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but were found in 1960 to </ins>also <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conflict with SR. The apparent absence of a full peer-reviewed study of </ins>GEM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/GM effects seems </ins>to be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">down </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">implicit and explicit conflicts </ins>with special relativity<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Not to be confused with:==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* ''Electrogravity'' ... GEM/GM describes gravitational field-effects that ''mimic'' some EM field behaviours, "electrogravity" is a concept that deals with possible interactions between the two types of field</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Notes|* It has been accepted since around 1960 that the GPoR and special relativity are mutually incompatible (Schild) – the logical inconsistency of C20th GR, even after 1960, can be expressed in terms of the 1960 theory's inability to properly process questions related to GEM.    |* C20th textbook theory appears to deal with the subject of GEM and its associated contradictions ("Gravity and the GPoR requires GEM to exist" / "SR requires GEM not to exist") in the manner of a '''disassociative identity disorder ("DID")''' – by compartmentalising information and descriptions that would otherwise conflict, and "blanking" subjects that would reveal logical inconsistencies.    |* If we embrace full-range GEM (which seems necessary for compatibility with QM and with a range of other principles), the result seems to be a [[Cliffordian universe]], a [[relativistic acoustic metric]], and a [[AGR|''fully-general'' general theory of relativity]].}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Notes|* It has been accepted since around 1960 that the GPoR and special relativity are mutually incompatible (Schild) – the logical inconsistency of C20th GR, even after 1960, can be expressed in terms of the 1960 theory's inability to properly process questions related to GEM.    |* C20th textbook theory appears to deal with the subject of GEM and its associated contradictions ("Gravity and the GPoR requires GEM to exist" / "SR requires GEM not to exist") in the manner of a '''disassociative identity disorder ("DID")''' – by compartmentalising information and descriptions that would otherwise conflict, and "blanking" subjects that would reveal logical inconsistencies.    |* If we embrace full-range GEM (which seems necessary for compatibility with QM and with a range of other principles), the result seems to be a [[Cliffordian universe]], a [[relativistic acoustic metric]], and a [[AGR|''fully-general'' general theory of relativity]].}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=506&oldid=prevEric Baird: +wikilinks2016-07-13T19:14:45Z<p>+wikilinks</p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
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<tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:14, 13 July 2016</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12" >Line 12:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We can define three main classes of GEM effect:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We can define three main classes of GEM effect:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''Rotational GEM''' – creates a radial attraction at right angles to the rotation axis, and also a rotational dragging around the rotation axis, in the direction of rotation. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; These two effects are "Machian", and appear in C20th GR. </li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Rotational gravitoelectromagnetism|</ins>Rotational GEM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>''' – creates a radial attraction at right angles to the rotation axis, and also a rotational dragging around the rotation axis, in the direction of rotation. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; These two effects are "Machian", and appear in C20th GR. </li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''Accelerational GEM''' – creates a dragging effect around the accelerated body, in the direction of forced acceleration. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is "Machian", and appears in C20th GR.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li> '''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Accelerational gravitoelectromagnetism|</ins>Accelerational GEM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>''' – creates a dragging effect around the accelerated body, in the direction of forced acceleration. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is "Machian", and appears in C20th GR.</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li style="color: darkred;"> '''Velocity-based GEM''' – creates a dragging effect around a moving body, in the direction of motion. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is derivable from the rotational effect or from general gravitational arguments, but is at odds with special relativity. Its status under C20th GR is problematic.</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><li style="color: darkred;"> '''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Velocity-dependent gravitoelectromagnetism|</ins>Velocity-based GEM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>''' – creates a dragging effect around a moving body, in the direction of motion. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is derivable from the rotational effect or from general gravitational arguments, but is at odds with special relativity. Its status under C20th GR is problematic.</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=499&oldid=prevEric Baird at 16:39, 11 July 20162016-07-11T16:39:39Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:39, 11 July 2016</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{NoRefs}}{{GEMBox}}{{Motion}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{NoRefs}}{{GEMBox}}{{Motion}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is a rather long and unwieldy name for </del>the effects <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on spacetime caused by </del>moving masses.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The subject of </ins>'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">deals with </ins>the effects <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that </ins>moving masses <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have on the shape of spacetime</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=="EM" vs "GEM"==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=="EM" vs "GEM"==</div></td></tr>
</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=498&oldid=prevEric Baird at 16:36, 11 July 20162016-07-11T16:36:26Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:36, 11 July 2016</td>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' is a rather long and unwieldy name for the effects on spacetime caused by moving masses.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' is a rather long and unwieldy name for the effects on spacetime caused by moving masses.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==EM vs GEM==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>EM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>vs <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>GEM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of EM deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, GEM effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass).  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GEM </ins>name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>EM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>GEM<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass).  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "<math>c</math>" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "<math>c</math>" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "<math>c</math>" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "<math>c</math>" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Incompatibilities</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Multiple paths to GEM</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">An apparently overwhelming set of mutually-supporting arguments seem to insist that velocity-dependent </del>GEM effects <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(GEM-v) must exist</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and are </del>''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">required</del>'' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to exist by any credible general </del>theory, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by continuum </del>theory<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by simple arguments based on projective geometry and domain translation</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We can also extrapolate general GEM-v form </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">special-case velocity-dependent dragging effect around </del>a moving <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">body</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">posit GEM-v </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">being </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lower-order effect underlying GR's GEM-</del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">effect</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">derive it from </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stochastic approach to quantum mechanics</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from </del>particulate<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</del>matter <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">draggign effects</del>, or <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">back</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">derive it from cosmological horizon behaviour</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;</ins>GEM effects <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">considered as the result of "smudging"</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: If the properties of physics</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including the properties of spacetime </ins>''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and the properties of bodies</ins>'' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can be described using field </ins>theory, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">then the condition that classical field </ins>theory <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">has "no sharp edges" means that our descriptions of how matter interacts with spacetime </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with other matter end up with a certain degree of "blurring"</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mass of </ins>a moving <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">particle</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">idealised </ins>as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a point, is not allowed to be described as a point, but has to be smudged out into </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">surrounding region, then the mass becomes </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">field whose strength dies away with distance</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">since a field carrying </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">property of mass is  a gravitational field (or an inertial field)</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">smudging or blurring turns a description of </ins>particulate matter <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">physics into a description in which each particle has its own gravity-well.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: If we now consider a situation in which particles are moving</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the smudging of a particle's rotational momentum, accelerational forces </ins>or <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">linear momentum produces a field description in terms of rotational GEM, accelerational GEM, and velocity</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">based GEM</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On the other hand, if </del>GEM<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-v </del>effects <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">exist</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">they lead to a chain </del>or <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">arguments that result </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the invalidation of special relativity</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which depends on our ability to model </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">physics </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">masses with simpel motion as probems involving perfectly flat spacetime. If GEM-v effects exist</del>, then <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SR is not fundamental phyics</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">our current general theory </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reativity is wrong for including SR </del>as a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">perfect physical limiting case</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;</ins>GEM effects <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">considered as the result of statistical mechanics</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: If two bodies with relative acceleration</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rotation </ins>or <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">velocity are placed </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a particulate medium</ins>, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intermediate particles will acquire the "imprint" </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">those bodies by collision</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </ins>then <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by colliding with each other</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">create an interaction between the two bodies at a distance ("indirect collision"). The smoothed </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">averaged statistical behaviour </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">these interactions can then be modelled in an abstract way without knowing the positions or velocities of the intermediate particles </ins>as a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">field, which then gives GEM behaviour</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Then again</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GR1960 contains a mass on logical inconsistencies</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">no longer conforms with </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GPoR disagrees with quantum </del>theory <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and associated general geoemtrical and thermodynioc laws</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fails ot predict medium-scale gravity properly unless we invent dark matter</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so perhaps </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">current general </del>theory <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">needs to be scrapped </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rewritten anyway</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;GEM analogues under aether theory</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: While GEM is not derived as an "aether theory" effect</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GEM classes typically have easily-visualisable aether-theory counterparts – for instance</ins>, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rotational GEM effects are broadly similar to the effects expected from a dragged-aether </ins>theory<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. This is partly because aether models tend to have a "statistical mechanical" component</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">partly because their dragging effects are usually expressable in idealised form as fields</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">making them subject to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">same "classical field </ins>theory<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" limitations </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">restrictions as GEM fields ("smudging")</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Full </del>GEM as the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">basis </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a new General Theory==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;</ins>GEM as the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">result </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Quantum Mechanics</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If we attempt </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">construct a general theory that conforms </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the GPoR even where this disagrees </del>with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SR, </del>we <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obtain </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">full set </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GEM effects</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a relativistic acoustic metric rather than </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">flat Minkowski metric</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">apparent agreement </del>with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QM</del>.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: The statistical route </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GEM seems </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mesh well </ins>with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">quantum theory. if </ins>we <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fire photons or other small particles at a moving target particle, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">target's position will have a certain degree </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">uncertainty</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">meaning that our pattern of potential "hits" will be scattered over </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">region</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can be idealised as a probability field, </ins>with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the attributes of mass and momentum of the original particle. This then takes us back to the earlier description of the moving particle having effective static and GEM gravitational field components, which describe its rest properties and state of motion. We can also statistically model the interaction of bodies via [[virtual particle]]s and arrive at the same basic patterns of behaviour as before</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Status of GEM effects==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The status of GEM effects under C20th General relativity is somewhat elusive – the general principle of relativity requires that the rotational and accelerational effects must be real, and general gravitational arguments and extrapolations form GEM-r then seem to say that the velocity-dependent effects also have to exist, too. However, special relativity is derived from the assumption that there are no distortion effects associated with relative motion, so the "SR" side of GR1960 requires GEM-v not to exist, and also requires the other GEM arguments to be suspended whenever they appear to be about to conflict with special relativity.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Notes|* It has been accepted since around 1960 that the GPoR and special relativity are mutually incompatible (Schild) – the logical inconsistency of C20th GR, even after 1960, can be expressed in terms of the 1960 theory's inability to properly process questions related to GEM.    |* C20th textbook theory appears to deal with the subject of GEM and its associated contradictions ("Gravity and the GPoR requires GEM to exist" / "SR requires GEM not to exist") in the manner of a '''disassociative identity disorder ("DID")''' – by compartmentalising information and descriptions that would otherwise conflict, and "blanking" subjects that would reveal logical inconsistencies.    |* If we embrace full-range GEM (which seems necessary for compatibility with QM and with a range of other principles), the result seems to be a [[Cliffordian universe]], a [[relativistic acoustic metric]], and a [[AGR|''fully-general'' general theory of relativity]].}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{AGR}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{GravitationalStuff}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{GravitationalStuff}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=497&oldid=prevEric Baird: +categories2016-07-11T14:37:20Z<p>+categories</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of EM deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, GEM effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass).  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of EM deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, GEM effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass).  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "c" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "c" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><math></ins>c<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></math></ins>" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><math></ins>c<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></math></ins>" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Overview</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Categories</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>GEM effects cause a deflection of light<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also </del>a deflection of the paths of objects passing through a region, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">these effects are at least superficially reminiscent of the dragging effects expected in most obsolete dragged-aether theories (as most aether theories generate smooth variations across space that </del>can be modelled as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fields</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have a finite propagation time, and again are subject to some </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the same basic constraints as alluded to above)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>GEM effects cause a deflection of light and a deflection of the paths of objects passing through a region, and can be modelled as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">spacetime distortion effects</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">or as the result </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nontraditional gravitational fields.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As in C19th theories, a </del>''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rotating</del>'' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mass will tend </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drag light and matter around with it </del>and also <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">draw bodies towards it (</del>"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GEM-r</del>"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">an </del>''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accelerating</del>'' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mass will cause </del>a dragging in the direction of forced acceleration <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</del>"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GEM-a</del>"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">). The first two of these effects can be calculated from Mach's principle, the second is also a consequence of the gravitational attraction of energy</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the third is also Machian</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We can define three main classes of GEM effect:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ul></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A further effect is more controversial</del>: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>'''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">simply</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">moving</del>''' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gravitational mass logically ought to exert </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pull on nearby objects and light, as </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consequence </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">relative velocity between masses</del>.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><li> </ins>'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rotational GEM</ins>'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' – creates a radial attraction at right angles </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the rotation axis, </ins>and also <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a rotational dragging around the rotation axis, in the direction of rotation. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; These two effects are </ins>"<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Machian</ins>", and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">appear in C20th GR. </li></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><li> </ins>'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Accelerational GEM</ins>'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' – creates </ins>a dragging <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">effect around the accelerated body, </ins>in the direction of forced acceleration<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is </ins>"<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Machian</ins>", and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">appears in C20th GR</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></li></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><li style="color</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">darkred;"> </ins>'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Velocity</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">based GEM</ins>''' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">– creates </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dragging effect around </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">moving body, in the direction </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">motion</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This effect is derivable from the rotational effect or from general gravitational arguments, but is at odds with special relativity. Its status under C20th GR is problematic.</li></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ul></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Incompatibilities==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Incompatibilities==</div></td></tr>
</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=495&oldid=prevEric Baird: navbox change2016-07-11T04:00:39Z<p>navbox change</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' is a rather long and unwieldy name for the effects on spacetime caused by moving masses.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' is a rather long and unwieldy name for the effects on spacetime caused by moving masses.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=173&oldid=prevEric Baird: 1 revision imported2016-07-04T21:39:43Z<p>1 revision imported</p>
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</td></tr></table>Eric Bairdhttp://www.relativitybook.com/w/index.php?title=Category:Gravitoelectromagnetism_(GEM)&diff=172&oldid=prevErkDemon at 17:17, 19 June 20162016-06-19T17:17:54Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{NoRefs}}{{MotionBox}}{{Motion}}<br />
'''Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM)''' is a rather long and unwieldy name for the effects on spacetime caused by moving masses.<br />
__TOC__<br />
==EM vs GEM==<br />
The name is based on an analogy with '''electromagnetism (EM)''' – where the subject of EM deals (in part) with the effects due to a moving ''electrical'' charge, GEM effects are the analogous behaviours caused by a moving ''gravitational'' charge (a moving mass). <br />
<br />
The analogy is not exact (electrical charges can be positive or negative, gravitational charges can only be positive), but since both types of field are bound by the same general constraints of classical field theory, and both have a finite propagation speed (defined as "c" for EM, and generally assumed to nominally be "c" for GEM), the two classes of problem can't help but share some basic behaviours.<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
GEM effects cause a deflection of light, and also a deflection of the paths of objects passing through a region, and these effects are at least superficially reminiscent of the dragging effects expected in most obsolete dragged-aether theories (as most aether theories generate smooth variations across space that can be modelled as fields, have a finite propagation time, and again are subject to some of the same basic constraints as alluded to above)<br />
<br />
As in C19th theories, a ''rotating'' mass will tend to drag light and matter around with it and also draw bodies towards it ("GEM-r"), and an ''accelerating'' mass will cause a dragging in the direction of forced acceleration ("GEM-a"). The first two of these effects can be calculated from Mach's principle, the second is also a consequence of the gravitational attraction of energy, and the third is also Machian.<br />
<br />
A further effect is more controversial: a '''simply-moving''' gravitational mass logically ought to exert a pull on nearby objects and light, as a consequence of relative velocity between masses. <br />
<br />
==Incompatibilities==<br />
An apparently overwhelming set of mutually-supporting arguments seem to insist that velocity-dependent GEM effects (GEM-v) must exist, and are ''required'' to exist by any credible general theory, by continuum theory, and by simple arguments based on projective geometry and domain translation. We can also extrapolate general GEM-v form the special-case velocity-dependent dragging effect around a moving body, posit GEM-v as being the lower-order effect underlying GR's GEM-a effect, and derive it from the stochastic approach to quantum mechanics, from particulate-matter draggign effects, or back-derive it from cosmological horizon behaviour.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, if GEM-v effects exist, they lead to a chain or arguments that result in the invalidation of special relativity, which depends on our ability to model the physics of masses with simpel motion as probems involving perfectly flat spacetime. If GEM-v effects exist, then SR is not fundamental phyics, and our current general theory of reativity is wrong for including SR as a perfect physical limiting case.<br />
<br />
Then again, GR1960 contains a mass on logical inconsistencies, no longer conforms with the GPoR disagrees with quantum theory and associated general geoemtrical and thermodynioc laws, and fails ot predict medium-scale gravity properly unless we invent dark matter, so perhaps the current general theory needs to be scrapped and rewritten anyway.<br />
<br />
==Full GEM as the basis of a new General Theory==<br />
If we attempt to construct a general theory that conforms to the GPoR even where this disagrees with SR, we obtain the full set of GEM effects, a relativistic acoustic metric rather than the flat Minkowski metric, and apparent agreement with QM. <br />
<br />
{{GravitationalStuff}}</div>ErkDemon